A taƙaice dai, haɗakarCibiyar sadarwa mai kunnawa sau ukuyana nufin cewa manyan hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku na hanyar sadarwa ta sadarwa, hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta da hanyar sadarwa ta talabijin ta kebul na iya samar da cikakkun ayyukan sadarwa na multimedia ciki har da murya, bayanai da hotuna ta hanyar canjin fasaha. Sanhe kalma ce mai faɗi da zamantakewa. A wannan matakin, tana nufin "maki" a cikin watsa shirye-shirye zuwa "fuska", "maki" a cikin watsa sadarwa zuwa "maki", da kwamfuta Haɗin ajiyar bayanai a cikin hanyar sadarwa don yin hidima ga ɗan adam mafi kyau ba yana nufin haɗakar zahiri ta manyan hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku na hanyoyin sadarwa na sadarwa, hanyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta, da hanyoyin sadarwa na talabijin na kebul ba, amma galibi yana nufin haɗakar aikace-aikacen kasuwanci na babban mataki. Bayan "haɗakar hanyar sadarwa ta Triple-play", mutane za su iya amfani da na'urar sarrafawa ta TV don yin kira, kallon wasan kwaikwayo na TV akan wayoyinsu na hannu, zaɓar hanyoyin sadarwa da tashoshi kamar yadda ake buƙata, da kuma cikakken sadarwa, TV, da damar Intanet ta hanyar jan layi ko hanyar shiga mara waya kawai.
Matakai Uku na Ci gaban FTTx
Ci gaban FTTx na kasar Sin ya wuce matakai uku. Mataki na farko ya kasance daga 2005 zuwa 2007. Wannan matakin yana cikin matakin gwaji. A shekarar 2005, China Telecom ta fara gwajin EPON fiber-to-the-house a Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, da Wuhan don tabbatar da girman aikin.EPONtsarin da kuma bincika ƙwarewar gini. A wannan lokacin, China Netcom, China Mobile, da sauransu sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da aikace-aikacen gwaji akan tsarin PON. Girman ginin FTTx a wannan matakin ƙanƙanta ne.
Mataki na biyu shine daga 2008 zuwa 2009, wanda babban mataki ne na turawa. Bayan mataki na farko na gwaji da bincike. China Telecom ta fahimci girma da aikin tsarin EPON, kuma a lokaci guda ta binciki saitin samfuran gini na FTTx, kuma an kafa samfuran gini na FTTH/FTTB+LAN/FTTB+DSL. Mafi mahimmanci, saboda tsadar kebul na jan ƙarfe a wancan lokacin, farashin samfurin ginin FTTB ya fi fa'ida fiye da farashin gini na sanya kebul na jan ƙarfe. Bayar da bandwidth da scalability na hanyar sadarwa ta FTTB sun fi na hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar kebul na jan ƙarfe kyau. Saboda haka, a ƙarshen 2007, China Telecom ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar FTTB+LAN don manyan ayyuka a sabbin wuraren da aka gina a cikin birnin, aiwatar da shigarwar gani ta FTTB+DSL da canjin fitarwa na jan ƙarfe a yankunan da ake da su, da kuma dakatar da shimfida sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa na kebul na jan ƙarfe gaba ɗaya. A wannan matakin, babban aiki na FTTB ya faru ne saboda ingantaccen aiki mai kyau.
Mataki na uku ya fara ne a shekarar 2010, kuma FTTx ya shiga wani sabon mataki na ci gaba. A farkon shekarar 2010, Firayim Minista Wen Jiabao na Majalisar Jiha ya jagoranci wani taron zartarwa na Majalisar Jiha kuma ya yanke shawarar hanzarta haɗa hanyar sadarwa ta sadarwa, hanyar sadarwa ta rediyo da talabijin da Intanet. Ana buƙatar hanzarta gina hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da fiber-optic da kuma sauye-sauyen hanyoyin sadarwa na rediyo da talabijin ta hanyoyi biyu, da kuma cewa sadarwa da rediyo da talabijin su buɗe kasuwanninsu ga junansu su kuma yi gasa mai ma'ana. "Haɗakar wasa sau uku" ya gabatar da sabbin masu fafatawa da sabbin fannoni masu gasa ga dukkan masana'antar sadarwa.
A watan Afrilu, ma'aikatu da kwamitoci 7, ciki har da Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai da Hukumar Ci Gaba da Gyara ta Ƙasa, sun haɗa hannu wajen fitar da "Ra'ayoyin Inganta Gina Hanyoyin Sadarwar Intanet na Fiber Optic", wanda ke buƙatar masu aiki da hanyoyin sadarwa su hanzarta gina hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic, da kuma hanzarta aiwatar da hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic a birane da ƙauyuka a yankunan karkara. "Ra'ayoyin" sun ba da shawarar cewa nan da shekarar 2011, adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na fiber optic zai wuce miliyan 80, matsakaicin damar shiga na masu amfani da birane zai kai sama da Mbit/s 8, matsakaicin damar shiga na masu amfani da karkara zai kai sama da Mbit/s 2, kuma matsakaicin damar shiga na masu amfani da gine-gine na kasuwanci zai kai sama da Mbit/s 100. A cikin shekaru 3, jarin da aka zuba a gina hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic zai wuce yuan biliyan 150, kuma adadin sabbin masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa zai wuce miliyan 50.
Idan aka haɗa da shirin gina NGB da Hukumar Rediyo, Fina-finai da Talabijin ta Jihar ta fitar a baya, ana buƙatar bandwidth na kowane gida don ya kai 40Mbit/s. Gasar da aka gabatar ta hanyar "wasan uku" ta mayar da hankali a hankali kan gasar bandwidth na damar shiga. Masu aikin sadarwa da masu aikin rediyo da talabijin sun amince da FTTx a matsayin fasahar da aka fi so don gina hanyar sadarwa mai sauri. Wannan yana sa ci gaban FTTx ya canza daga abin da ke haifar da farashi zuwa abin da ke haifar da gasa a kasuwa. Ci gaban FTTx ya shiga wani sabon mataki.
Daga wani ra'ayi kuma, saboda girman da aka samu wajen amfani da FTTx a kasar Sin ne ya sa kasar ta yi imanin cewa, daga mahangar fasaha da sarkar masana'antu, akwai tushen fasaha da kayan aiki don hanzarta "haɗakar hanyoyin sadarwa uku". Dangane da bukatar fadada bukatar cikin gida da kuma inganta matakin fasahar bayanai ta kasata, kasar ta kaddamar da dabarun kasa na "haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa uku uku" a kan lokaci. Za a iya cewa akwai dangantaka mai kusanci tsakanin ci gaban masana'antar FTTx ta kasar Sin da kuma dabarun kasa na "haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa uku uku".
"Wasa sau uku" yana haifar da ƙirƙirar ra'ayoyin haɓaka FTTx
Fiber-zuwa-da-x (FTTx) hanyar samun damar fiber (FTTx, x = H ga gida, P ga gidaje, C don gefen hanya da N don kololuwa ko unguwa) inda fiber FTTH zuwa gida, fiber FTTP zuwa ga tushen, fiber FTTC zuwa gefen hanya/al'umma, fiber FTTN zuwa ga node. Fiber-to-the-house (FTTH) ya kasance mafarki da alkiblar fasaha da mutane ke bi tsawon shekaru 20, amma saboda cikas a cikin farashi, fasaha, da buƙata, har yanzu ba a inganta shi sosai ba kuma an haɓaka shi sosai. Duk da haka, wannan jinkirin ci gaba ya canza kwanan nan sosai. Saboda tallafin manufofi da ci gaban fasaha, FTTH ya sake zama wuri mai zafi bayan shekaru da yawa na shiru, yana shiga cikin lokacin ci gaba mai sauri. Jin daɗi da sauƙin rayuwa da aka kawo ta hanyar aikace-aikacen broadband daban-daban masu alaƙa kamar VoIP, Online-game, E-learning, MOD (Multimedia on Demand) da smart home, da kuma kallon babban ma'ana mai hulɗa wanda HDTV ya haifar. Juyin juya halin ya sanya fiber na gani mai kyawawan halaye kamar babban bandwidth, babban iya aiki, da ƙarancin asara zaɓi ne da ba makawa ga hanyar da ke aika bayanai ga abokin ciniki. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa masu hankali suna ɗaukar FTTx (musamman fiber-to-the-house da fiber-to-the-house) a matsayin muhimmin lokaci na farfadowar kasuwar sadarwa ta gani. Kuma ana sa ran a cikin shekaru kaɗan masu zuwa, hanyar sadarwa ta FTTH za ta sami ci gaba mai girma.
Kamfanin sadarwa na China Telecom yana shirin gina hanyoyin sadarwa na FTTH miliyan 1 a shekarar 2010. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Wuhan da sauran larduna da birane suma sun gabatar da shawarwari kan ayyukan intanet masu sauri kamar 20Mbit/s. Ana iya hasashen cewa tsarin gini na FTTH (fiber-to-the-home) zai zama babban tsarin gini na FTTx daga shekarar 2011 zuwa gaba. Girman masana'antar FTTx zai kuma fadada yadda ya kamata. Ga masu aiki da rediyo da talabijin, bayan "haɗakar hanyoyin sadarwa uku", yadda za a yi saurin sauya hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu da kuma haɓaka sabbin ayyuka kamar talabijin mai hulɗa, intanet mai sauri, da kuma samun damar murya babban fifiko ne. Duk da haka, saboda rashin kuɗi, fasaha, da hazaka, ba zai yiwu a kashe kuɗi mai yawa don gina hanyar sadarwa mai inganci ba. Za mu iya amfani da albarkatun hanyar sadarwa da ke akwai kawai, damar yin amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa, da kuma ginawa a hankali.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-27-2023