Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen ƙera zare na gani na iya shan makamashin haske. Bayan ƙwayoyin da ke cikin kayan zare na gani suna shan makamashin haske, suna haifar da girgiza da zafi, sannan su wargaza kuzarin, wanda ke haifar da asarar sha.Wannan labarin zai yi nazari kan asarar sha na kayan fiber na gani.
Mun san cewa kwayoyin halitta sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma ƙwayoyin halitta sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin halitta na atomic da electrons na waje, waɗanda ke juyawa a kusa da ƙwayar halitta a cikin wani yanayi. Wannan kamar Duniyar da muke rayuwa a ciki ne, haka kuma duniyoyi kamar Venus da Mars, duk suna juyawa a kusa da Rana. Kowace ƙwayar halitta tana da wani adadin kuzari kuma tana cikin wani yanayi, ko kuma a wata ma'anar, kowace zagaye tana da wani matakin kuzari.
Matakan kuzarin da ke kusa da kwayar halittar atom sun yi ƙasa, yayin da matakan kuzarin da ke nesa da kwayar halittar atom suka fi yawa.Girman bambancin matakin makamashi tsakanin kewayawa ana kiransa bambancin matakin makamashi. Lokacin da electrons suka sauya daga matakin makamashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi zuwa matakin makamashi mai girma, suna buƙatar shan makamashi a daidai bambancin matakin makamashi.
A cikin zaruruwan gani, lokacin da aka haskaka electrons a wani matakin makamashi da hasken raƙuman ruwa wanda ya yi daidai da bambancin matakin makamashi, electrons da ke kan orbital masu ƙarancin kuzari za su canza zuwa orbital masu matakan makamashi mafi girma.Wannan electron yana shan makamashin haske, wanda ke haifar da asarar haske.
Babban kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen kera zare masu gani, silicon dioxide (SiO2), shi kansa yana shan haske, ɗaya ana kiransa da ultraviolet absorption ɗayan kuma ana kiransa infrared absorption. A halin yanzu, sadarwa ta fiber optic yawanci tana aiki ne kawai a cikin kewayon tsawon rai na 0.8-1.6 μm, don haka za mu tattauna asarar da ke cikin wannan fanni na aiki ne kawai.
Kololuwar sha da aka samar ta hanyar canjin lantarki a cikin gilashin quartz yana kusa da tsawon 0.1-0.2 μm a yankin ultraviolet. Yayin da tsawon ya ƙaru, shaƙarsa tana raguwa a hankali, amma yankin da abin ya shafa yana da faɗi, yana kaiwa tsawon tsayi sama da 1 μm. Duk da haka, shaƙar UV ba ta da tasiri sosai ga zaruruwan gani na quartz da ke aiki a yankin infrared. Misali, a yankin haske da ake iya gani a tsawon tsayi na 0.6 μm, shaƙar ultraviolet na iya kaiwa 1dB/km, wanda ke raguwa zuwa 0.2-0.3dB/km a tsawon tsayi na 0.8 μm, kuma kusan 0.1dB/km ne kawai a tsawon tsayi na 1.2 μm.
Asarar shaƙar infrared na zare quartz yana faruwa ne ta hanyar girgizar kwayoyin halitta na kayan da ke yankin infrared. Akwai kololuwar shaƙar girgiza da yawa a cikin mitar da ke sama da 2 μm. Saboda tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin doping daban-daban a cikin zare na gani, ba zai yiwu ba ga zare quartz su sami taga mai ƙarancin asara a cikin mitar da ke sama da 2 μm. Asarar iyaka ta ka'ida a tsawon tsayin 1.85 μm shine ldB/km.Ta hanyar bincike, an gano cewa akwai wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalata da ke haifar da matsala a cikin gilashin quartz, waɗanda galibi suna da lahani ga ƙazanta na ƙarfe masu canzawa kamar jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, chromium, manganese, da sauransu. Waɗannan "mugayen" suna shaƙar makamashin haske a ƙarƙashin hasken haske, suna tsalle da tsalle, suna haifar da asarar makamashin haske. Kawar da "masu kawo matsala" da tsarkake kayan da ake amfani da su don ƙera zare na gani ta hanyar sinadarai na iya rage asara sosai.
Wani tushen sha a cikin zaruruwan gani na quartz shine matakin hydroxide (OH -). An gano cewa hydroxide yana da kololuwar sha uku a cikin madaurin aiki na zaren, waɗanda sune 0.95 μm, 1.24 μm, da 1.38 μm. Daga cikinsu, asarar sha a tsawon tsayin 1.38 μm shine mafi tsanani kuma yana da babban tasiri akan zaren. A tsawon tsayin 1.38 μm, asarar kololuwar sha da ions hydroxide masu abun ciki na 0.0001 kawai suka samar ya kai 33dB/km.
Daga ina waɗannan ions ɗin hydroxide suke fitowa? Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na ions ɗin hydroxide. Na farko, kayan da ake amfani da su wajen ƙera zare na gani suna ɗauke da danshi da mahaɗan hydroxide, waɗanda suke da wahalar cirewa yayin aikin tsarkake kayan kuma a ƙarshe suna kasancewa a cikin nau'in ions ɗin hydroxide a cikin zare na gani; Na biyu, mahaɗan hydrogen da oxygen da ake amfani da su wajen ƙera zare na gani suna ɗauke da ɗan danshi; Na uku, ana samar da ruwa yayin ƙera zare na gani saboda halayen sinadarai; Na huɗu shine shigar iska ta waje yana kawo tururin ruwa. Duk da haka, tsarin ƙera yanzu ya ci gaba zuwa wani mataki mai yawa, kuma an rage yawan ions ɗin hydroxide zuwa wani matakin da ya isa ya sa ba za a iya yin watsi da tasirinsa ga zare na gani ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-23-2025