Dangane da shekaru na bincike da ƙwarewar haɓakawa a cikin kayan aikin Intanet, mun tattauna fasahohi da mafita don tabbatar da ingancin cibiyar sadarwa na cikin gida mai watsa labarai na cikin gida. Na farko, yana nazarin halin da ake ciki na ingancin gidan yanar gizo na gidan rediyo na cikin gida, kuma yana taƙaita abubuwa daban-daban kamar fiber optics, ƙofofin ƙofofin, masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa, Wi-Fi, da ayyukan mai amfani waɗanda ke haifar da matsalolin ingancin cibiyar sadarwa na cikin gida mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Na biyu, za a gabatar da sabbin fasahar keɓancewar hanyar sadarwa ta cikin gida da aka yiwa alama ta Wi-Fi 6 da FTTR (Fiber To The Room).
1. Analysis na gida broadband na cikin gida cibiyar sadarwa ingancin matsaloli
A cikin tsari naFTTH(fiber-to-gida), saboda tasirin nisan watsawa na gani, rarrabuwar gani da asarar na'urar haɗin kai, da lankwasa fiber na gani, ƙarfin gani da aka karɓa ta hanyar ƙofar yana iya zama ƙasa kaɗan kuma ƙimar kuskuren bit na iya zama babba, wanda ya haifar da hakan. karuwa a cikin asarar fakitin watsa sabis na sama-Layer. , adadin ya ragu.
Koyaya, aikin kayan masarufi na tsoffin ƙofofin gabaɗaya ba su da ƙarfi, kuma matsaloli kamar babban CPU da amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ɗumamar kayan aiki suna da yuwuwar faruwa, wanda ke haifar da sake kunnawa da rashin daidaituwa na ƙofofin. Tsofaffin ƙofofin gabaɗaya ba sa goyan bayan saurin hanyar sadarwa na gigabit, kuma wasu tsoffin ƙofofin kuma suna da matsaloli irin su tsofaffin ƙofofin, wanda ke haifar da babban tazara tsakanin ainihin ƙimar saurin haɗin yanar gizo da ƙimar ka'idar, wanda ke ƙara iyakance yiwuwar haɓaka haɓakawa. kwarewar mai amfani ta kan layi. A halin yanzu, tsoffin ƙofofin gida masu kaifin baki waɗanda aka yi amfani da su tsawon shekaru 3 ko sama da haka akan hanyar sadarwar rayuwa har yanzu suna da wani kaso kuma suna buƙatar maye gurbinsu.
Ƙungiyar mitar 2.4GHz ita ce ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical). Ana amfani da shi azaman maƙallan mitar gama gari don tashoshin rediyo kamar cibiyar sadarwar yanki mara waya, tsarin samun damar mara waya, tsarin Bluetooth, tsarin sadarwa na batu-zuwa-maki-zuwa-multipoint, tare da ƴan albarkatun mitar da iyakataccen bandwidth. A halin yanzu, har yanzu akwai ƙayyadaddun kaso na ƙofofin da ke tallafawa rukunin mitar Wi-Fi na 2.4GHz a cikin hanyar sadarwar da ake da ita, kuma matsalar tsangwama ta mitoci/na kusa ta fi fice.
Saboda kurakuran software da rashin isassun kayan aiki na wasu ƙofofin, ana yawan barin haɗin PPPoE kuma ana sake kunna ƙofofin akai-akai, yana haifar da katsewar shiga Intanet akai-akai ga masu amfani. Bayan an katse haɗin PPPoE da sauri (misali, hanyar haɗin watsawa ta sama ta katse), kowane mai yin ƙofa yana da ƙa'idodin aiwatarwa marasa daidaituwa don gano tashar WAN da sake yin bugun kiran PPPoE. Wasu ƙofofin masana'antun suna gano sau ɗaya a cikin daƙiƙa 20, kuma suna sake sakewa kawai bayan gano gazawar 30. Sakamakon haka, yana ɗaukar mintuna 10 don ƙofar don fara sake kunnawa ta PPPoE ta atomatik bayan tafiya ta kan layi, yana shafar ƙwarewar mai amfani sosai.
Ana tsara ƙofofin gida da yawa na masu amfani tare da masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa (daga nan ana kiranta “masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa”). Daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa, kaɗan ne kawai ke tallafawa tashoshin WAN 100M, ko (kuma) kawai suna goyan bayan Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n).
Wasu masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na masana'antun har yanzu suna da ɗayan tashoshin WAN ko ka'idojin Wi-Fi waɗanda ke goyan bayan saurin hanyar sadarwar Gigabit, kuma su zama masu amfani da “pseudo-Gigabit”. Bugu da kari, na'urar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tana da haɗin kai zuwa gateway ta hanyar kebul na cibiyar sadarwa, kuma kebul ɗin da masu amfani da shi ke amfani da shi shine babban nau'i na 5 ko super category 5, wanda ke da ɗan gajeren rayuwa kuma yana da rauni na hana tsoma baki, kuma yawancinsu kawai. goyan bayan gudun 100M. Babu ɗayan hanyoyin sadarwa da aka ambata a sama da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa da zai iya biyan buƙatun juyin halitta na cibiyoyin gigabit da super-gigabit na gaba. Wasu masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa suna sake farawa akai-akai saboda matsalolin ingancin samfur, suna tasiri sosai ga ƙwarewar mai amfani.
Wi-Fi ita ce babbar hanyar ɗaukar hoto ta cikin gida, amma yawancin ƙofofin gida ana sanya su a cikin akwatuna marasa ƙarfi a ƙofar mai amfani. Ƙaddamar da wurin da akwatin da ke da rauni, kayan murfin, da kuma nau'in gida mai rikitarwa, siginar Wi-Fi bai isa ya rufe duk wuraren da ke cikin gida ba. Mafi nisa daga na'urar tasha daga wurin shiga Wi-Fi, ƙarin cikas da ake samu, kuma mafi girman asarar ƙarfin sigina, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa da haɗin kai da asarar fakitin bayanai.
A cikin yanayin sadarwar cikin gida na na'urorin Wi-Fi da yawa, mitoci iri ɗaya da matsalolin tsangwama na tashoshi suna yawan faruwa saboda saitunan tashoshi marasa ma'ana, yana ƙara rage ƙimar Wi-Fi.
Lokacin da wasu masu amfani suka haɗa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa gateway, saboda rashin ƙwarewar ƙwararru, za su iya haɗa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa tashar hanyar sadarwar da ba ta gigabit ba, ko kuma ba za su haɗa kebul ɗin cibiyar sadarwa sosai ba, wanda ke haifar da sako-sako da tashoshin sadarwa. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ko da mai amfani ya yi rajistar sabis ɗin gigabit ko ya yi amfani da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na gigabit, ba zai iya samun tsayayyen sabis na gigabit ba, wanda kuma yana kawo ƙalubale ga masu aiki don magance kuskure.
Wasu masu amfani suna da na'urori masu yawa da aka haɗa da Wi-Fi a cikin gidajensu (fiye da 20) ko aikace-aikacen da yawa suna zazzage fayiloli cikin sauri a lokaci guda, wanda kuma zai haifar da rikice-rikice na tashar Wi-Fi mai tsanani da haɗin Wi-Fi mara kyau.
Wasu masu amfani suna amfani da tsoffin tashoshi waɗanda kawai ke goyan bayan rukunin mitar Wi-Fi 2.4GHz guda ɗaya ko tsoffin ka'idojin Wi-Fi, don haka ba za su iya samun tsayayyen ƙwarewar Intanet mai sauri ba.
2. Sabbin fasaha don inganta cibiyar sadarwar cikin gidaQhali
Babban-bandwidth, ƙananan ayyuka kamar 4K/8K babban ma'anar bidiyo, AR/VR, ilimin kan layi, da ofishin gida a hankali suna zama matsananciyar buƙatun masu amfani da gida. Wannan yana ba da ƙarin buƙatu akan ingancin gidan yanar gizo na gidan yanar gizo, musamman ingancin cibiyar sadarwar gida ta cikin gida. Cibiyar sadarwa ta cikin gida mai watsa shirye-shiryen gida da ke kan FTTH (Fiber To The House, fiber zuwa gida) fasaha ta kasance mai wahala don biyan buƙatun da ke sama. Koyaya, fasahar Wi-Fi 6 da FTTR za su iya cika buƙatun sabis na sama kuma yakamata a tura su cikin babban sikeli da wuri-wuri.
Wi-Fi 6
A cikin 2019, Wi-Fi Alliance ta sanya sunan fasahar 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6, kuma ta sanya sunan fasahar 802.11ax da 802.11n na baya Wi-Fi 5 da Wi-Fi 4 bi da bi.
Wi-Fi 6gabatar da OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, Multi-user Multi-Input Multi-Enput Multiple Technology), 1024QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, quadrature amplitude) daidaitawa) da sauran sabbin fasahohi, matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar zazzagewa na iya kaiwa 9.6Gbit/s. Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar Wi-Fi 4 da Wi-Fi 5 da aka fi amfani da ita a cikin masana'antar, tana da ƙimar watsawa mafi girma, mafi girman ƙarfin daidaituwa, ƙarancin jinkirin sabis, ɗaukar hoto da ƙarami mai ƙarfi. cin abinci.
FTTRTilmin halitta
FTTR yana nufin ƙaddamar da duk hanyoyin ƙofofin gani da na'urori a cikin gidaje bisa tushen FTTH, da kuma fahimtar yanayin sadarwar fiber na gani zuwa ɗakunan masu amfani ta hanyar.PONfasaha.
Babban ƙofar FTTR shine ainihin cibiyar sadarwar FTTR. An haɗa shi zuwa sama zuwa OLT don samar da fiber-zuwa-gida, da ƙasa don samar da tashar jiragen ruwa na gani don haɗa ƙofofin bayi na FTTR da yawa. Ƙofar bawa na FTTR yana sadarwa tare da kayan aiki na tashar ta hanyar Wi-Fi da Ethernet musaya, yana ba da aikin haɗin gwiwa don tura bayanan kayan aikin tashar zuwa babban ƙofar, kuma ya yarda da gudanarwa da kuma kula da babbar hanyar FTTR. Ana nuna hanyar sadarwar FTTR a cikin adadi.
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar sadarwar kebul na cibiyar sadarwa, sadarwar wutar lantarki, da sadarwar mara waya, cibiyoyin sadarwar FTTR suna da fa'idodi masu zuwa.
Na farko, kayan aikin sadarwar suna da mafi kyawun aiki da bandwidth mafi girma. Haɗin fiber na gani da ke tsakanin babban ƙofa da ƙofar bawa na iya haɓaka bandwidth gigabit ga kowane ɗaki na mai amfani, da haɓaka ingancin gidan yanar gizon mai amfani ta kowane fanni. Cibiyar sadarwa ta FTTR tana da ƙarin fa'idodi a cikin watsa bandwidth da kwanciyar hankali.
Na biyu shine mafi kyawun ɗaukar hoto na Wi-Fi kuma mafi inganci. Wi-Fi 6 shine daidaitaccen tsari na ƙofofin FTTR, kuma duka ƙofofin ƙofa da ƙofar bawa na iya samar da haɗin Wi-Fi, yadda ya kamata inganta kwanciyar hankali na hanyar sadarwar Wi-Fi da ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto.
Halin intranet na cibiyar sadarwar gida yana shafar abubuwa kamar tsarin sadarwar gida, kayan aikin mai amfani, da tashoshi masu amfani. Saboda haka, ganowa da gano rashin ingancin cibiyar sadarwar gida matsala ce mai wuyar gaske akan hanyar sadarwar kai tsaye. Kowane kamfani na sadarwa ko mai bada sabis na cibiyar sadarwa yana gabatar da nasa mafita bi da bi. Misali, mafita na fasaha don kimanta ingancin intranet na cibiyar sadarwar gida da gano ƙarancin inganci; ci gaba da bincika aikace-aikacen manyan bayanai da fasaha na fasaha na wucin gadi a fagen inganta ingantaccen hanyoyin sadarwar gida na cikin gida; inganta aikace-aikacen FTTR da Wi-Fi 6 fasahar Wide ingancin tushe da ƙari.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-08-2023