Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da Fiber na Optical: Tambayoyi da Amsoshi Masu Sauri
A matsayin babban nau'in samfura, fiber na gani yana ƙunshe da ilimin fasaha iri-iri. Wannan labarin yana gabatar da wasu mahimman ra'ayoyi a cikin tsarin tambayoyi da amsoshi cikin sauri don sauƙin amfani.
1. Waɗanne muhimman sigogi ne ake amfani da su don bayyana halayen watsawa na hanyar haɗin fiber na gani?
Amsa:Manyan sigogi sun haɗa da rage gudu, watsawa, bandwidth, tsawon yankewa, da diamita na filin yanayi (MFD).
2. Me ke haifar da raguwar zare na gani?
Amsa:Ragewar zare na gani yana nufin raguwar ƙarfin gani tsakanin sassan biyu na zare kuma yana bambanta dangane da tsawon tsayi. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan sune warwatsewa, sha, da asarar gani sakamakon masu haɗawa da haɗin gwiwa.
3. Ta yaya ake bayyana ma'aunin rage ƙarfin zare na gani?
Amsa:An bayyana shi a matsayin raguwar tsawon kowane raka'a na zare mai gani iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, wanda yawanci ake bayyanawa a dB/km.
4. Waɗanne abubuwa ne ke haifar da hayaniya a tsarin sadarwa na fiber optic?
Amsa:Majiyoyin hayaniya sun haɗa da:
- Hayaniya da rashin isasshen rabon ƙarewa ya haifar
- Canje-canje na ƙarfin gani bazuwar
- Sautin girgiza na lokaci
- Hayaniyar harbi da hayaniyar zafi a cikin mai karɓar
- Hayaniya a cikin zare
- Hayaniyar faɗaɗa bugun jini sakamakon watsawa
- Hayaniyar rabuwa ta yanayi a cikin diodes na laser (LDs)
- Hayaniyar ƙarar sauti a cikin LDs
- Hayaniyar da ke haifar da tunani
5. Menene alaƙar bandwidth na fiber na gani da shi?
Amsa:Bandwidth na zare yana nufin mitar daidaitawa wanda girman ƙarfin gani ke raguwa da kashi 50% (ko 3 dB) daga ƙimar sifili a cikin aikin canja wurin zare. Bandwidth na zare yana daidai da tsayin zare, kuma samfurin tsawon bandwidth yana nan daram.
Misali Samfura: LC zuwa SC Duplex OM3 50/125 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable, jaket ɗin LSZH
6. Nau'ikan watsawar zare nawa ne, kuma mene ne alaƙarsu da su?
Amsa:Watsawar fiber ya haɗa da:
- Yaɗuwar Modal
- Kayan watsawa
- Yaɗuwar jagorar raƙuman ruwa (tsari)
Watsawa ya dogara ne akan halayen tushen gani da kuma zaren kanta.
7. Ta yaya za a iya bayyana halayen watsawa na sigina da ke yaɗuwa a cikin fiber na gani?
Amsa:Ana iya bayyana su ta amfani da sigogin jiki guda uku:
- Faɗaɗa bugun jini
- Faɗin fiber
- Ma'aunin Watsawa
8. Menene tsawon lokacin yankewa?
Amsa:Tsawon tsayin daka shine mafi guntun tsawon da yanayin asali kawai zai iya yaduwa a cikin zare. Ga zare masu yanayi ɗaya, tsawon tsayin daka dole ne ya fi guntu fiye da tsawon aiki.
9. Ta yaya watsawar zare ke shafar aikin tsarin sadarwa?
Amsa:Watsawa yana sa bugun gani ya faɗaɗa yayin watsawa, yana shafar:
- Ƙimar kuskuren bit (BER)
- Nisa ta hanyar watsawa
- Saurin watsa tsarin
10. Menene hanyar watsawa ta baya?
Amsa:Hanyar watsawa ta baya tana auna raguwar tsawon zare. Duk da cewa yawancin wutar lantarki tana tafiya gaba, ƙaramin ɓangare yana warwatsewa baya zuwa ga mai watsawa. Ta hanyar lura da siginar watsawa ta baya akan lokaci, yana yiwuwa a auna:
- Tsawon zare
- Ragewar zare
- Kurakuran gida ba su dace ba
- Maki na Hutu
- Asarar da aka samu a haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa
Misali Samfuri: MPO 24-Pin zuwa 3×MPO 8-Pin OM4 50/125μm Multimode Fiber Cable, LSZH Jacket, Ruwa
11. Menene yankin da OTDR ta mutu, kuma ta yaya yake shafar gwaji?
Amsa:Na'urar auna haske ta OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) tana amfani da hasken baya da aka samar yayin watsa haske don samun bayanai game da raguwar haske. Ana amfani da ita don auna raguwar zare, asarar haɗin gwiwa, wurin lahani, da kuma rarrabawar asarar tare da hanyar haɗin zare.
Mahimman sigogin aikin OTDR sun haɗa da:
- Kewayon aiki mai ƙarfi
- Sanin hankali
- ƙuduri
- Lokacin aunawa
- Yankin da ba shi da rai
Yankin matattu shine ɓangaren da ke biyo bayan wani babban abin da ya faru na tunani inda OTDR ba zai iya gano ko warware abubuwan da suka faru ba daidai. A cikin gwaji na zahiri, ana amfani da zare da zare don rage tasirin wuraren matattu.
12. Ta yaya ake rarraba zare na gani bisa ga rarrabawar ma'aunin haske?
Amsa:An rarraba zaruruwan gani zuwa:
- Zaruruwan matakin-index
- Zaruruwan da aka ƙididdige
Fibers na matakin-index suna da ƙananan bandwidths kuma sun dace da sadarwa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi da ɗan gajeren nesa. Fibers masu ƙimar-index suna ba da faffadan bandwidths kuma sun dace da tsarin sadarwa mai matsakaicin ƙarfi da babban iko.
13. Ta yaya ake rarraba zare na gani bisa ga yanayin watsawa?
Amsa:An raba zaruruwa zuwa:
Fiber Yanayi Guda ɗaya (SMF)
- Diamita na tsakiya: kimanin 1–10 μm
- Yana goyon bayan yanayin asali kawai
- Ya dace da watsawa mai nisa da ƙarfin aiki mai yawa
Fiber mai yanayin multimode (MMF)
- Diamita na tsakiya: kimanin 50–60 μm
- Yana goyan bayan hanyoyin yaɗawa da yawa
- Ƙarancin aikin watsawa fiye da SMF
A cikin tsarin kariya ta halin yanzu daban-daban ta amfani da hanyoyin kariya masu yawa, galibi ana amfani da zare-zaren multimode tsakanin kayan aikin canza hoto a ɗakin sadarwa da na'urorin kariya a ɗakin sarrafawa.
14. Menene muhimmancin Numerical Aperture (NA) na zare mai nuna matakin-mataki?
Amsa:Aperture na lambobi (NA) yana nuna ikon tattara haske na zare. Girman NA, haka ƙarfin zaren yake wajen tattara haske mai shigowa.
15. Menene birefringence a cikin zare na gani guda ɗaya?
Amsa:Zaruruwan yanayi ɗaya suna tallafawa yanayin polarization guda biyu na orthogonal. Idan zaren bai yi daidai da silinda ba, yanayin polarization guda biyu za su sami ma'aunin refractive daban-daban. Bambancin da ke tsakanin waɗannan ma'aunin refractive ana kiransa birefringence.
Misali Samfura: OM5 50/125 Kebul na Fiber Optic mai yawan mode, LC mai dual zuwa Dual LC, 5 m, jaket ɗin Zipcord na OFNR
16. Menene iyakokin lanƙwasawa ga kebul na gani?
Amsa:Radius ɗin lanƙwasa ya kamata ya zama:
- AƙallaSau 20diamita na waje na kebul a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara canzawa
- AƙallaSau 30diamita na waje na kebul yayin shigarwa ko motsi
17. Me ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a cikin ayyukan kebul na gani na ADSS?
Amsa:Manyan la'akari guda uku na fasaha sune:
- Tsarin injina na kebul na gani
- Tantance wuraren dakatarwa
- Zaɓa da shigar da kayan haɗin da suka dace
18. Waɗanne muhimman sigogi guda biyu ne na aikin haɗin fiber optic?
Amsa:Ana tantance masu haɗin fiber optic (wanda galibi ake kira faci connectors) ta hanyar:
- Asarar Shigarwa (IL)
- Asarar Dawowa (RL)
19. Menene asarar shigarwa a cikin mahaɗin fiber optic?
Amsa:Asarar sakawa tana nufin raguwar ingantaccen ƙarfin watsawa wanda ke faruwa ta hanyar shigar da mai haɗawa cikin hanyar gani. Ana fifita ƙarancin asarar sakawa. A cewar shawarwarin ITU-T, asarar sakawa gabaɗaya bai kamata ta wuce ba.0.5 dB.
20. Menene asarar dawowa (rage haske) a cikin mahaɗin fiber optic?
Amsa:Asarar dawowa tana auna adadin ƙarfin gani da aka nuna wanda ya dawo ta hanyar tashar shigarwa saboda haskawar mahaɗi. Asarar dawowa mafi girma tana nuna ingantaccen aiki, tare da ƙimar da aka saba gani25 dB ko sama da haka.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-04-2026