A wannan zamani da ake samun saurin bunkasuwar yanar gizo, fasahar amfani da fasahar fiber optic ta shiga kowane fanni na rayuwarmu. Haɗin cibiyar sadarwa mai tsayi da tsayi yana da mahimmanci ko kuna jin daɗin kallon shirye-shiryen TV, yin wasanni a gida, ko gudanar da kasuwancin da ya dace a cikin kamfani. Daga cikin fasahohin da yawa don samun damar fiber optic, EPON da GPON babu shakka sune mafi kyau. A yau, bari mu shiga cikin bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan fasahohin biyu tare.
Asalin Fasaha da Ƙa'idar Daidaitawa
EPON, Ethernet m na gani cibiyar sadarwa an ɓullo da bisa kan Ethernet fasaha. Yana bin daidaitaccen IEEE 802.3ah. Wannan ma'auni yana kafa alaƙa ta dabi'a da kusanci tsakanin EPON da Ethernet, yayin da yake ɗaukar tsarin firam ɗin Ethernet kai tsaye, kamar sanya Ethernet akan “coat” na samun damar fiber optic. Ga waɗanda suka riga sun saba da fasahar Ethernet, kayan aikin EPON, sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa, da sauran ayyuka kamar aiki a cikin filin da aka sani, mai sauƙin koya da sauƙin fahimta. Misali, a cikin cibiyar sadarwa na harabar da ta riga ta shimfida layin Ethernet, idan ana buƙatar haɓakawa zuwa hanyar fiber optic, fasahar EPON na iya samun sauƙin haɗin kai tare da na'urorin Ethernet data kasance.
GPON, Matsayin Gigabit Passive Optical Networks shine jerin ITU-T G.984. Yana ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin encapsulation - GEM (Hanyar Encapsulation GPON). GEM yana kama da “akwatin ajiya” mai hankali wanda zai iya tsarawa yadda yakamata da haɗa nau'ikan hanyoyin kasuwanci daban-daban. Wannan yana sa GPON yayi aiki na musamman wajen ɗaukar kasuwanci, ko kiran murya ne, watsa bayanai mai yawa, ko sake kunna bidiyo mai ma'ana, GPON na iya amsawa cikin sassauƙa da sauƙin sarrafa su. A cikin haɗin gwiwar hanyar sadarwa mai haɗaɗɗiyar hanyar sadarwar da ke ba masu amfani damar shiga Intanet, IPTV da sabis na VoIP a lokaci guda, GPON na iya sarrafawa da watsa waɗannan nau'ikan ayyukan sabis daban-daban a cikin tsari ta hanyar ikon daidaitawa mai ƙarfi na sabis, don tabbatar da cewa kowane sabis yana iya aiki da ƙarfi da inganci.
Sauri da ingancin bandwidth
Matsakaicin haɓakawa da haɓakar EPON galibi suna daidaitawa, tare da matsakaicin ƙimar 1.25Gbps. Koyaya, a cikin ainihin tsarin watsa hanyar sadarwa, saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da firam ɗin Ethernet, kamar bayanan sarrafawa daban-daban waɗanda aka ɗauka a farkon da ƙarshen firam ɗin, kodayake waɗannan bayanan suna da mahimmanci don ingantaccen watsawa da sarrafa bayanai, suna kuma mamaye wasu albarkatun bandwidth, wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen ingantaccen bandwidth da aka yi amfani da shi don watsa bayanan mai amfani yana ɗan ƙasa kaɗan fiye da na 1.25Gbps mara kyau.
GPON ya ma fi fice ta fuskar gudu, tare da saurin saukarwa har zuwa 2.488Gbps da saurin hawan 1.244Gbps ko 2.488Gbps. GPON yana ɗaukar tsayin firam na 125 μs kuma an sanye shi da ingantaccen tsarin rarraba bandwidth. Kamar dai a kan babbar hanya, GPON ba kawai fadada hanyoyin ba ne, har ma yana inganta ka'idojin aika zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, ba da damar ababen hawa (data) yin tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali da inganci. Ta wannan hanyar, GPON yana da kyau fiye da EPON a cikin ingancin bandwidth kuma yana iya watsa ƙarin bayanai a cikin adadin lokaci guda.
Spectral rabo
Rarraba rabe-rabe muhimmin nuni ne don auna ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto na fasahar samun damar fiber optic da adadin masu amfani da aka ɗauka. Yana nufin rabon raka'o'in cibiyar sadarwa na gani (ONUs) waɗanda tashar layin gani (OLT) zata iya haɗawa da ita.
Rarraba rabo na EPON gabaɗaya 1:32 ne, kuma tare da ingantawa na musamman, zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1:64. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin hanyar sadarwar EPON, na'urar OLT ɗaya na iya haɗawa har zuwa 32, kuma a cikin matsanancin yanayi, tashoshi masu amfani da ONU 64. Misali, a cikin ginin fiber optic access a cikin wurin zama, idan ana amfani da fasahar EPON kuma rabon raba ya kasance 1:32, to, na'urar OLT ɗaya kawai zata iya ba da sabis na hanyar sadarwa zuwa matsakaicin gidaje 32.
GPON yana da fa'ida mafi girma dangane da rabe-raben rabo, tare da rabewar rabo har zuwa 1:64, har ma a cikin wasu tsararren tsararru da ingantaccen mahallin cibiyar sadarwa, zai iya cimma rabon rabo na 1:128. Mafi girman rabon rabo yana sa GPON yayi aiki mafi kyau dangane da kewayon ɗaukar hoto da adadin masu amfani da aka haɗa. Ɗaukar yankunan karkara a matsayin misali, saboda girman yanki da kuma rarraba masu amfani da yawa, idan aka yi amfani da fasahar GPON, ta yin amfani da manyan halayen rabonta na gani, na'urar OLT guda ɗaya za ta iya ba da sabis ga masu amfani da yawa, da rage yawan farashin kayan aiki da kuma rage wahalar gina cibiyar sadarwa da kulawa.
Farashin kayan aiki da dacewa
Na'urorin EPON suna da wasu fa'idodin farashi saboda dogaro da balagaggen fasahar Ethernet. Farashin kayan aikin sa yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima, wanda ke da kyau sosai don ayyukan ginin cibiyar sadarwa tare da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi da hankali ga farashi. Misali, a cikin ginin cibiyar sadarwa na wasu ƙananan masana'antu ko ayyukan gyare-gyaren hanyar sadarwa na tsoffin wuraren zama, saboda ƙarancin kuɗi, ƙarancin fa'idar kayan aikin EPON na iya nunawa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, saboda kyakkyawar daidaituwa tsakanin EPON da Ethernet, na'urorin EPON na iya sauƙaƙe tare da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa a cikin yanayin da ake amfani da Ethernet da yawa, ba tare da buƙatar maye gurbin kayan aiki mai girma ba, yana kara rage farashin haɓaka cibiyar sadarwa.
Na'urorin GPON, saboda ingantacciyar fasaharsu, suna da babban bincike da farashin samarwa don ainihin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kamar kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda ke haifar da tsadar kayan aiki gabaɗaya. Koyaya, na'urorin GPON, tare da ƙarfin aikinsu da wadataccen damar tallafin kasuwanci, sun nuna ƙima na musamman a wasu yanayi waɗanda ke buƙatar babban aikin cibiyar sadarwa da bambancin kasuwanci. Misali, a cikin manyan wuraren kasuwanci, ya zama dole a lokaci guda saduwa da buƙatun samun damar hanyar sadarwa mai sauri na ɗimbin ‘yan kasuwa, samar da tsayayyen sabis na hanyar sadarwa mara waya ga abokan ciniki, da cimma ayyukan kasuwanci daban-daban kamar sarrafa ginin fasaha na fasaha. Na'urorin GPON na iya ba da ingantaccen tallafi don waɗannan hadaddun buƙatun kasuwanci tare da kyakkyawan aiki da sassauci.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-17-2025