Idan ana maganar kayan aiki na gefe-gefe a fannin amfani da fiber mai sauri, sau da yawa muna ganin kalmomin Turanci kamar ONU, ONT, SFU, da HGU. Menene ma'anar waɗannan kalmomi? Menene bambanci?
1. ONUs da ONTs
Manyan nau'ikan aikace-aikacen hanyoyin samun damar fiber na gani na broadband sun haɗa da: FTTH, FTTO, da FTTB, kuma nau'ikan kayan aikin gefe na mai amfani sun bambanta a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan aikace-aikace daban-daban. Kayan aikin gefe na mai amfani na FTTH da FTTO ana amfani da su ta mai amfani guda ɗaya, wanda ake kiraONT(Tashar hanyar sadarwa ta gani, tashar hanyar sadarwa ta gani), da kayan aikin gefe na mai amfani na FTTB ana raba su ta hanyar masu amfani da yawa, waɗanda ake kiraONU(Na'urar Sadarwar Haske, na'urar Sadarwar Haske).
Mai amfani da aka ambata a nan yana nufin mai amfani wanda mai aiki ke biyan kuɗi daban-daban, ba adadin tashoshi da aka yi amfani da su ba. Misali, ONT na FTTH galibi ana raba shi ta tashoshi da yawa a cikin gida, amma mai amfani ɗaya ne kawai za a iya ƙirgawa.
2. Nau'ikan ONTs
ONT shine abin da muke kira modem na gani, wanda aka raba zuwa SFU (Single Family Unit, single user unit), HGU (Home Gateway Unit, home gateway unit) da SBU (Single Business Unit, single business user unit).
2.1. SFU
SFU gabaɗaya tana da hanyar sadarwa ta Ethernet 1 zuwa 4, hanyar sadarwa ta waya 1 zuwa 2 mai tsayayye, kuma wasu samfuran suna da hanyar sadarwa ta talabijin ta kebul. SFU ba ta da aikin ƙofar gida, kuma tashar da aka haɗa da tashar Ethernet ce kawai za ta iya yin kira don shiga Intanet, kuma aikin sarrafawa na nesa yana da rauni. Modem ɗin gani da aka yi amfani da shi a farkon matakin FTTH na SFU ne, wanda ba a cika amfani da shi ba yanzu.
2.2. HGUs
Modem ɗin gani da aka buɗe tare da masu amfani da FTTH a cikin 'yan shekarun nan duk suna nanHGUIdan aka kwatanta da SFU, HGU tana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
(1) HGU na'urar ƙofa ce, wadda take da sauƙin amfani da ita wajen sadarwa a gida; yayin da SFU na'urar watsawa ce mai haske, wadda ba ta da ƙarfin ƙofa, kuma gabaɗaya tana buƙatar haɗin gwiwar na'urorin ƙofa kamar na'urorin sadarwa na gida a cikin hanyar sadarwar gida.
(2) HGU tana goyan bayan yanayin hanya kuma tana da aikin NAT, wanda shine na'urar Layer-3; yayin da nau'in SFU ke goyan bayan yanayin gada na Layer-2 kawai, wanda yayi daidai da maɓallin Layer-2.
(3) HGU na iya aiwatar da nasa aikace-aikacen kiran waya na broadband, kuma kwamfutocin da aka haɗa da tashoshin wayar hannu za su iya shiga Intanet kai tsaye ba tare da dannawa ba; yayin da dole ne a kira SFU ta kwamfuta ko wayar hannu ko ta hanyar na'urar sadarwa ta gida.
(4) HGU ya fi sauƙi ga manyan ayyuka da kula da kulawa.
HGU yawanci yana zuwa daWiFi kuma yana da tashar USB.
2.3. SBUs
Ana amfani da SBU galibi don samun damar masu amfani da FTTO, kuma gabaɗaya yana da hanyar sadarwa ta Ethernet, kuma wasu samfuran suna da hanyar sadarwa ta E1, hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa, ko aikin wifi. Idan aka kwatanta da SFU da HGU, SBU tana da ingantaccen aikin kariyar lantarki da kwanciyar hankali mafi girma, kuma ana amfani da ita sau da yawa a lokutan waje kamar sa ido kan bidiyo.
3. ONUType
An raba ONU zuwa kashi ukuMDU(Rukunin Gidaje da Yawa, rukunin mazauna da yawa) da kuma MTU (Rukunin Masu Haya da Yawa, rukunin masu haya da yawa).
Ana amfani da MDU galibi don samun damar masu amfani da gidaje da yawa a ƙarƙashin nau'in aikace-aikacen FTTB, kuma gabaɗaya yana da aƙalla hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda 4, yawanci tare da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa 8, 16, 24 FE ko FE+POTS (wayar tarho mai tsayayye).
Ana amfani da MTU galibi don samun damar masu amfani da kamfanoni da yawa ko tashoshi da yawa a cikin kamfani ɗaya a cikin yanayin FTTB. Baya ga hanyar sadarwa ta Ethernet da hanyar sadarwa ta waya mai tsayayye, yana iya samun hanyar sadarwa ta E1; siffa da aikin MTU yawanci ba iri ɗaya bane da ta MDU. Bambancin, amma aikin kariyar lantarki ya fi kyau kuma kwanciyar hankali ya fi girma. Tare da yaɗuwar FTTO, yanayin aikace-aikacen MTU yana ƙara ƙanƙanta da raguwa.
4. Takaitaccen Bayani
Hanyoyin shiga na fiber optical na broadband galibi suna amfani da fasahar PON. Idan ba a bambanta takamaiman nau'in kayan aikin gefe na mai amfani ba, ana iya kiran kayan aikin gefe na mai amfani da tsarin PON gaba ɗaya ONU.
ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…waɗannan na'urori duk suna bayyana kayan aikin da masu amfani ke amfani da su don samun damar intanet daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, kuma an nuna alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-21-2023