1. RarrabaFiriAmasu ƙara ƙarfi
Akwai manyan nau'ikan amplifiers na gani guda uku:
(1) Mai ƙara haske na gani na Semiconductor (SOA, Mai ƙara haske na gani na Semiconductor);
(2) Amplifiers na fiber optic waɗanda aka haɗa da abubuwa masu ƙarancin ƙasa (erbium Er, thulium Tm, praseodymium Pr, rubidium Nd, da sauransu), galibi amplifiers na fiber da aka haɗa da erbium (EDFA), da kuma amplifiers na fiber masu amfani da thulium (TDFA) da kuma amplifiers na fiber masu amfani da praseodymium (PDFA), da sauransu.
(3) Amplifiers na fiber marasa layi, galibi amplifiers na fiber Raman (FRA, Fiber Raman Amplifier). Babban kwatancen aiki na waɗannan amplifiers na gani an nuna su a cikin teburi.
EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Ana iya ƙirƙirar tsarin laser mai matakai da yawa ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙwayoyin quartz tare da abubuwan ƙasa masu wuya (kamar Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, da sauransu), kuma hasken siginar shigarwa yana ƙaruwa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin aikin hasken famfo. Bayan bayar da ra'ayoyin da suka dace, ana samar da laser ɗin fiber. Tsawon tsayin aiki na amplifier ɗin fiber na Nd-doped shine 1060nm da 1330nm, kuma haɓakawa da aikace-aikacensa suna da iyaka saboda karkacewa daga mafi kyawun tashar sink na sadarwa ta fiber optic da sauran dalilai. Tsawon tsayin aiki na EDFA da PDFA bi da bi suna cikin taga mafi ƙarancin asara (1550nm) da tsawon tsayin sifili (1300nm) na sadarwa ta fiber optic, kuma TDFA yana aiki a cikin S-band, waɗanda suka dace sosai don aikace-aikacen tsarin sadarwa na fiber optic. Musamman EDFA, ci gaba mafi sauri, ya kasance mai amfani.
ThePTsarin EDFA
An nuna tsarin asali na EDFA a cikin Hoto na 1(a), wanda ya ƙunshi matsakaici mai aiki (zaren silica mai erbium-doped kimanin tsawon mita goma, tare da diamita na tsakiya na microns 3-5 da yawan doping na (25-1000) x10-6), tushen hasken famfo (990 ko 1480nm LD), mahaɗin gani da mai raba haske. Hasken sigina da hasken famfo na iya yaduwa a cikin alkibla ɗaya (famfo mai haɗin kai), alkibla akasin haka (famfo mai juyawa) ko duka alkibla biyu (famfo mai juyawa) a cikin zaren erbium. Lokacin da aka allurar hasken sigina da hasken famfo a cikin zaren erbium a lokaci guda, ions na erbium suna motsawa zuwa matakin makamashi mai girma a ƙarƙashin aikin hasken famfo (Hoto na 1 (b), tsarin matakai uku), kuma suna ruɓewa da sauri zuwa matakin makamashi mai narkewa, lokacin da ya koma yanayin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin aikin hasken siginar da ya faru, yana fitar da photons daidai da hasken sigina, don haka siginar ta ƙara girma. Siffa ta 1 (c) ita ce ƙarfin fitar da iska mai saurin motsawa (ASE) mai girma (har zuwa 20-40nm) da kuma kololuwa biyu da suka yi daidai da 1530nm da 1550nm bi da bi.
Babban fa'idodin EDFA sune babban riba, babban bandwidth, ƙarfin fitarwa mai yawa, ingantaccen famfo, ƙarancin asarar shigarwa, da rashin jin daɗin yanayin polarization.
2. Matsalolin da ke tattare da Fiber Opplifiers
Duk da cewa na'urar ƙara haske (musamman EDFA) tana da fa'idodi da yawa, amma ba ingantaccen na'urar ƙara haske ba ce. Baya ga ƙarin hayaniya da ke rage SNR na siginar, akwai wasu gazawa, kamar:
- Rashin daidaiton ribar da ke cikin bandwidth na amplifier yana shafar aikin ƙara yawan tashoshi;
- Lokacin da aka haɗa na'urorin ƙara haske, tasirin hayaniyar ASE, watsawar zare da tasirin da ba na layi ba za su taru.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan batutuwa a cikin aikace-aikace da ƙirar tsarin.
3. Amfani da Amplifier na gani a cikin Tsarin Sadarwa na Fiber na gani
A cikin tsarin sadarwa na fiber optic,Fiber Tantancewar AmplifierAna iya amfani da shi ba kawai azaman amplifier mai ƙarfafa wutar lantarki na mai watsawa don ƙara ƙarfin watsawa ba, har ma a matsayin preamplifier na mai karɓa don inganta yanayin karɓar, kuma yana iya maye gurbin mai maimaitawar gani-na lantarki-na gani ta gargajiya, don faɗaɗa nisan watsawa da kuma cimma sadarwa ta gani-na gani.
A cikin tsarin sadarwa na fiber optic, manyan abubuwan da ke iyakance nisan watsawa sune asarar da watsawar fiber optic. Ta amfani da tushen haske mai kunkuntar bakan, ko aiki kusa da tsawon watsuwar sifili, tasirin watsawar fiber ba shi da yawa. Wannan tsarin baya buƙatar yin cikakken sake farfaɗo da lokacin sigina (relay 3R) a kowace tashar relay. Ya isa ya ƙara faɗaɗa siginar gani kai tsaye tare da amplifier na gani (relay 1R). Ana iya amfani da amplifier na gani ba kawai a cikin tsarin gangar jiki mai nisa ba har ma a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar rarraba fiber optic, musamman a cikin tsarin WDM, don ƙara tashoshi da yawa a lokaci guda.
1) Amfani da Amplifiers na gani a cikin Tsarin Sadarwa na Fiber na gani na jiki
Hoto na 2 zane ne na tsarin amfani da na'urar ƙara haske a cikin tsarin sadarwa na fiber optical fiber. (a) hoton ya nuna cewa ana amfani da na'urar ƙara haske a matsayin na'urar ƙara haske a cikin na'urar watsawa da kuma na'urar ƙara haske a cikin na'urar mai karɓar haske ta yadda nisan da ba na'urar sake kunnawa ba zai ninka. Misali, ɗaukar EDFA, na'urar watsawa ta tsarin Nisa ta 1.8Gb/s yana ƙaruwa daga kilomita 120 zuwa kilomita 250 ko ma ya kai kilomita 400. Hoto na 2 (b)-(d) shine amfani da amplifiers na gani a cikin tsarin relay mai yawa; Hoto na (b) shine yanayin relay na gargajiya na 3R; Hoto na (c) shine yanayin relay mai gauraya na masu maimaita 3R da amplifiers na gani; Hoto na 2 (d) Yanayin relay na gani ne; a cikin tsarin sadarwa na gani, bai haɗa da da'irorin lokaci da sabuntawa ba, don haka yana da ɗan haske, kuma babu wani ƙuntatawa na "wucin kwalban lantarki". Muddin an maye gurbin kayan aikin aikawa da karɓa a ƙarshen biyu, yana da sauƙin haɓakawa daga ƙarancin farashi zuwa babban farashi, kuma amplifier na gani ba ya buƙatar maye gurbinsa.
2) Amfani da Amplifier na gani a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta rarraba fiber na gani
Fa'idodin fitar da wutar lantarki mai yawa na amplifiers na gani (musamman EDFA) suna da matuƙar amfani a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na rarrabawa na intanet (kamar suCATVCibiyoyin sadarwa). Cibiyar sadarwa ta CATV ta gargajiya tana amfani da kebul na coaxial, wanda ke buƙatar a ƙara masa girma a kowace mita ɗari da dama, kuma radius na sabis na hanyar sadarwa yana da kusan kilomita 7. Cibiyar sadarwa ta CATV mai amfani da amplifiers na gani ba wai kawai za ta iya ƙara yawan masu amfani da aka rarraba ba, har ma za ta faɗaɗa hanyar hanyar sadarwa sosai. Sabbin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan sun nuna cewa rarrabawar fiber/hybrid na gani (HFC) yana jawo ƙarfin duka biyun kuma yana da ƙarfin gasa.
Siffa ta 4 misali ne na hanyar sadarwa ta rarraba fiber optic don daidaitawar AM-VSB na tashoshi 35 na TV. Tushen hasken mai watsawa shine DFB-LD tare da tsawon tsayin 1550nm da ƙarfin fitarwa na 3.3dBm. Ta amfani da EDFA mai matakai 4 a matsayin amplifier na rarraba wutar lantarki, ƙarfin shigarwarsa shine kusan -6dBm, kuma ƙarfin fitarwarsa shine kusan 13dBm. Jin daɗin mai karɓar gani -9.2d Bm. Bayan matakai 4 na rarrabawa, jimillar masu amfani sun kai miliyan 4.2, kuma hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta fi kilomita goma. Matsakaicin siginar-zuwa-amo na gwajin ya fi 45dB, kuma EDFA bai haifar da raguwar CSO ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-23-2023