1. RarrabaFibarAmplifiers
Akwai manyan nau'ikan amplifiers na gani guda uku:
(1) Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA, Semiconductor Optical Amplifier);
(2) Fiber na gani na gani tare da abubuwan da ba kasafai ba (erbium Er, thulium Tm, praseodymium Pr, rubidium Nd, da sauransu), galibi erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), da kuma thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) da praseodymium-doped fiber amplifiers (PDFA), da dai sauransu.
(3) Fiber amplifiers marasa kan layi, galibi fiber Raman amplifiers (FRA, Fiber Raman Amplifier). Ana nuna babban kwatancen aikin waɗannan na'urorin haɓakawa na gani a cikin tebur
EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Ana iya samar da tsarin Laser mai nau'i-nau'i da yawa ta hanyar doping fiber quartz tare da abubuwan da ba kasafai ba (kamar Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, da sauransu), kuma hasken siginar shigarwa yana ƙaruwa kai tsaye ƙarƙashin aikin hasken famfo. Bayan bayar da amsa mai dacewa, an kafa Laser fiber. Matsakaicin tsayin aiki na Nd-doped fiber amplifier shine 1060nm da 1330nm, kuma haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen sa yana iyakance saboda karkata daga mafi kyawun tashar tashar fiber optic sadarwa da sauran dalilai. The aiki wavelengths na EDFA da PDFA ne bi da bi a cikin taga na mafi ƙasƙanci asarar (1550nm) da sifili watsawa wavelength (1300nm) na Tantancewar fiber sadarwa, da kuma TDFA aiki a cikin S-band, wanda su ne sosai dace da Tantancewar fiber sadarwa tsarin aikace-aikace. . Musamman EDFA, mafi saurin ci gaba, ya kasance mai amfani.
ThePFarashin EDFA
An nuna ainihin tsarin EDFA a cikin Hoto 1 (a), wanda akasari ya ƙunshi matsakaici mai aiki (erbium-doped silica fiber game da dubun mita tsayi, tare da ainihin diamita na 3-5 microns da ƙwayar doping na (25). -1000) x10-6) , famfo haske Madogararsa (990 ko 1480nm LD), Tantancewar ma'aurata da Tantancewar isolator. Hasken sigina da hasken famfo na iya yaɗuwa ta hanya ɗaya (famfuta na codirectional), kwatance dabam-dabam (juyawar famfo) ko duka kwatance (famfo mai bidirectional) a cikin erbium fiber. Lokacin da aka shigar da hasken siginar da hasken famfo a cikin fiber erbium a lokaci guda, ions erbium suna jin daɗi zuwa matakin makamashi mai girma a ƙarƙashin aikin hasken famfo (Hoto 1 (b), tsarin matakan uku). kuma da sauri ya lalace zuwa matakin makamashi mai ƙarfi , lokacin da ya dawo cikin yanayin ƙasa ƙarƙashin aikin hasken siginar abin da ya faru, yana fitar da photon daidai da hasken siginar, ta yadda siginar ta ƙara ƙarfi. Hoto na 1 (c) shine bakan sa mai haɓakawa ba tare da bata lokaci ba (ASE) tare da babban bandwidth (har zuwa 20-40nm) da kololuwa biyu masu dacewa da 1530nm da 1550nm bi da bi.
Babban fa'idodin EDFA shine babban riba, babban bandwidth, babban ikon fitarwa, ingantaccen famfo, ƙarancin sakawa, da rashin hankali ga yanayin polarization.
2. Matsalolin Fiber Optical Amplifiers
Kodayake amplifier na gani (musamman EDFA) yana da fa'idodi da yawa da yawa, ba ingantaccen amplifier bane. Baya ga ƙarin amo da ke rage SNR na siginar, akwai wasu gazawa, kamar:
- Rashin daidaituwa na bakan riba a cikin bandwidth na amplifier yana rinjayar aikin haɓaka tashoshi da yawa;
- Lokacin da amplifiers na gani suka lalace, tasirin amo ASE, watsawar fiber da tasirin da ba na kan layi ba zai tara.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan batutuwa a cikin aikace-aikacen da tsarin tsarin.
3. Aikace-aikacen Amplifier na gani a cikin Tsarin Sadarwar Fiber na gani
A cikin tsarin sadarwa na fiber na gani, daFiber Optical Amplifierza a iya amfani da ba kawai a matsayin ƙarfin haɓaka ƙarfin watsawa don ƙara ƙarfin watsawa ba, har ma a matsayin preamplifier na mai karɓa don inganta ƙwarewar karɓa, kuma yana iya maye gurbin na'urar na'urar gani-lantarki-na gani na gargajiya, don tsawaita watsawa. nesa da kuma gane duk-na gani sadarwa.
A cikin tsarin sadarwar fiber na gani, manyan abubuwan da ke iyakance nisan watsawa shine asara da tarwatsewar fiber na gani. Amfani da kunkuntar tushen haske, ko aiki kusa da tsayin sifili-watsawa, tasirin tarwatsewar fiber kadan ne. Wannan tsarin baya buƙatar yin cikakkiyar sabuntawar lokacin sigina (sassarar 3R) a kowace tashar relay. Ya wadatar kai tsaye ƙara siginar gani kai tsaye tare da na'urar faɗakarwa (1R relay). Ana iya amfani da amplifiers na gani ba kawai a cikin tsarin akwati mai nisa ba har ma a cikin cibiyoyin rarraba fiber na gani, musamman a cikin tsarin WDM, don haɓaka tashoshi da yawa a lokaci guda.
1) Aikace-aikacen Amplifiers na gani a cikin Tsarin Sadarwar Fiber Optical
Hoto na 2 zane ne na tsari na aikace-aikacen amplifier na gani a cikin tsarin sadarwa na fiber na gani na gangar jikin. (a) Hoton yana nuna cewa ana amfani da amplifier na gani a matsayin ƙarfin haɓaka wutar lantarki na watsawa da preamplifier na mai karɓa ta yadda nisan da ba na relay ya ninka sau biyu. Misali, ɗaukar EDFA, watsa tsarin Nisa na 1.8Gb/s yana ƙaruwa daga 120km zuwa 250km ko ma ya kai 400km. Hoto 2 (b) - (d) shine aikace-aikacen amplifiers na gani a cikin tsarin relay mai yawa; Hoto (b) shine yanayin relay na gargajiya na 3R; Hoto (c) shine yanayin hanyar ba da sanda mai gauraya na masu maimaita 3R da masu haɓakawa na gani; Hoto na 2 (d) Yanayi ne na duk wani nau'in watsawa na gani; a cikin tsarin sadarwa na gani-da-wane, ba ya haɗa da tsarin lokaci da sabuntawa, don haka yana da haske, kuma babu ƙuntatawa "lantarki kwalban whisker". Muddin an maye gurbin kayan aiki da aikawa da karɓa a ƙarshen duka, Yana da sauƙi don haɓakawa daga ƙananan ƙimar zuwa babban ƙimar, kuma amplifier na gani baya buƙatar maye gurbin.
2) Aikace-aikacen Amplifier na gani a cikin Cibiyar Rarraba Fiber na gani
Babban fa'idodin fitar da wutar lantarki na na'urori masu auna firikwensin gani (musamman EDFA) suna da amfani sosai a cikin hanyoyin rarraba hanyoyin sadarwa (kamar su.CATVHanyoyin sadarwa). Cibiyar sadarwa ta CATV ta gargajiya tana ɗaukar kebul na coaxial, wanda ke buƙatar haɓaka kowane mita ɗari da yawa, kuma radius sabis na cibiyar sadarwa yana da kusan kilomita 7. Cibiyar sadarwa ta fiber na gani CATV ta amfani da amplifiers na gani ba zai iya ƙara yawan adadin masu amfani da aka rarraba ba kawai, amma kuma yana fadada hanyar sadarwar. Abubuwan da suka faru na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa rarraba fiber / hybrid (HFC) yana jawo ƙarfin duka biyu kuma yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Hoto 4 misali ne na cibiyar sadarwar rarraba fiber na gani don daidaitawar AM-VSB na tashoshi 35 na TV. Tushen hasken mai watsawa shine DFB-LD tare da tsayin tsayin 1550nm da ƙarfin fitarwa na 3.3dBm. Yin amfani da EDFA-matakin 4 a matsayin amplifier rarraba wutar lantarki, ikon shigar da shi yana kusan -6dBm, kuma ƙarfin fitarwa yana kusan 13dBm. Hankalin mai karɓar gani -9.2d Bm. Bayan matakan 4 na rarraba, adadin masu amfani ya kai miliyan 4.2, kuma hanyar sadarwar ya fi dubun kilomita. Ma'aunin siginar-zuwa-amo mai nauyi na gwajin ya fi 45dB, kuma EDFA bai haifar da raguwa a cikin CSO ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-23-2023