EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network)
Ethernet m na gani cibiyar sadarwa fasahar PON ne bisa Ethernet. Yana ɗaukar ma'ana zuwa tsarin multipoint da watsawar fiber na gani, yana ba da sabis da yawa akan Ethernet. An daidaita fasahar EPON ta ƙungiyar aiki na IEEE802.3 EFM. A cikin watan Yuni 2004, ƙungiyar aiki na IEEE802.3EFM ta fitar da ma'aunin EPON - IEEE802.3ah (haɗe cikin ma'aunin IEEE802.3-2005 a cikin 2005).
A cikin wannan ma'auni, an haɗa fasahar Ethernet da PON, tare da fasahar PON da aka yi amfani da su a Layer na jiki da kuma ka'idar Ethernet da aka yi amfani da ita a layin haɗin bayanai, ta amfani da topology na PON don samun damar Ethernet. Sabili da haka, yana haɗuwa da fa'idodin fasahar PON da fasahar Ethernet: ƙananan farashi, babban bandwidth, haɓaka mai ƙarfi, dacewa tare da Ethernet data kasance, gudanarwa mai dacewa, da sauransu.
GPON (Gigabit-Pon mai iyawa)
Fasaha ita ce sabuwar ƙarni na ma'auni na haɗaɗɗiyar hanyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar sadarwa bisa ITU-TG.984. x misali, wanda yana da fa'idodi da yawa kamar babban bandwidth, babban inganci, babban yanki mai ɗaukar hoto, da wadatattun mu'amalar mai amfani. Yawancin masu aiki suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin ingantacciyar fasaha don cimma buɗaɗɗen watsa shirye-shirye da ingantaccen sauyi na sabis na hanyar sadarwa. Kungiyar FSAN ce ta fara gabatar da GPON a watan Satumbar 2002. A kan haka, ITU-T ta kammala samar da ITU-T G.984.1 da G.984.2 a cikin Maris 2003, kuma ta daidaita G.984.3 a cikin Fabrairu da Yuni 2004. Don haka. An kafa daidaitaccen iyali na GPON a ƙarshe.
Fasahar GPON ta samo asali ne daga ma'aunin fasahar ATMPON da aka samu a hankali a shekarar 1995, kuma PON na nufin "Passive Optical Network" a Turance. GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) kungiyar FSAN ta fara gabatar da ita a watan Satumbar 2002. Bisa ga wannan, ITU-T ta kammala ci gaban ITU-T G.984.1 da G.984.2 a cikin Maris 2003, kuma ta daidaita G.984.3 a cikin Fabrairu da Yuni 2004. Don haka, daidaitaccen iyali na GPON ya kasance a ƙarshe. Tsarin asali na na'urori dangane da fasahar GPON yayi kama da PON data kasance, wanda ya ƙunshi OLT (Terminal Line Terminal) a ofishin tsakiya, ONT/ONU (Tsarin Gidan Yanar Gizon Yanar Gizo ko Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ) ) wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya (SM fiber) da m splitter, da tsarin gudanarwa na cibiyar sadarwa da ke haɗa na'urori biyu na farko.
Bambanci tsakanin EPON da GPON
GPON na amfani da fasaha mai yawa na raba raƙuman ruwa (WDM) don ba da damar yin lodawa da zazzagewa lokaci guda. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da mai ɗaukar hoto na 1490nm don saukewa, yayin da aka zaɓi mai ɗaukar hoto na 1310nm don lodawa. Idan ana buƙatar watsa siginar TV, za a kuma yi amfani da mai ɗaukar hoto na 1550nm. Ko da yake kowane ONU zai iya samun saurin saukewa na 2.488 Gbits/s, GPON kuma yana amfani da Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) don ware takamaiman lokaci ga kowane mai amfani a cikin siginar lokaci-lokaci.
Matsakaicin adadin zazzagewar XGPON ya kai 10Gbits/s, kuma yawan lodawa shima 2.5Gbit/s. Har ila yau, tana amfani da fasahar WDM, kuma tsayin daka na sama da masu ɗaukar hoto na ƙasa sune 1270nm da 1577nm, bi da bi.
Saboda karuwar yawan watsawa, ana iya raba ƙarin ONUs bisa ga tsarin bayanai iri ɗaya, tare da iyakar ɗaukar hoto har zuwa 20km. Ko da yake XGPON ba a karvi ko'ina ba tukuna, yana ba da kyakkyawar hanyar haɓakawa ga masu aikin sadarwa na gani.
EPON ya dace da sauran ma'auni na Ethernet, don haka babu buƙatar juyawa ko ɓoyewa lokacin da aka haɗa su zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa na Ethernet, tare da matsakaicin nauyin 1518 bytes. EPON baya buƙatar hanyar shiga CSMA/CD a wasu nau'ikan Ethernet. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda watsawar Ethernet shine babbar hanyar watsa cibiyar sadarwa ta yanki, babu buƙatar canza tsarin hanyar sadarwa yayin haɓakawa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar yankin birni.
Hakanan akwai nau'in Ethernet na 10 Gbit/s wanda aka keɓe azaman 802.3av. Matsakaicin saurin layin shine 10.3125 Gbits/s. Babban yanayin shine haɓakawa na 10 Gbits/s da ƙimar ƙasa, tare da wasu suna amfani da 10 Gbits/s downlink da 1 Gbit/s uplink.
Sigar Gbit/s tana amfani da tsayin raƙuman gani daban-daban akan fiber, tare da zurfin raƙuman ruwa na 1575-1580nm da tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 1260-1280nm. Sabili da haka, tsarin 10 Gbit/s da daidaitaccen tsarin 1Gbit/s na iya zama tsayin daka mai yawa akan fiber iri ɗaya.
Haɗin wasa sau uku
Haɗin kai na cibiyoyin sadarwa guda uku yana nufin cewa a cikin tsarin juyin halitta daga hanyar sadarwar sadarwa, gidan rediyo da talabijin, da Intanet zuwa cibiyar sadarwar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa, cibiyar sadarwar talabijin ta dijital, da Intanet na gaba, hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku, ta hanyar canjin fasaha, suna da alaƙa da Ayyukan fasaha iri ɗaya, iyakokin kasuwanci iri ɗaya, haɗin yanar gizo, raba albarkatu, kuma zai iya ba masu amfani da murya, bayanai, rediyo da talabijin da sauran ayyuka. Haɗin kai sau uku baya nufin haɗin jiki na manyan hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku, amma galibi yana nufin haɗakar manyan aikace-aikacen kasuwanci.
Ana amfani da haɗin kai na hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku a fannoni daban-daban kamar sufuri na hankali, kare muhalli, aikin gwamnati, lafiyar jama'a, da gidaje masu aminci. A nan gaba, wayar hannu za ta iya kallon talabijin da kuma zazzage intanet, TV na iya yin kiran waya da zazzage intanet, haka kuma kwamfuta na iya yin kiran waya da kallon talabijin.
Za'a iya nazarin haɗin kai na hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku ta hanyar ra'ayi daga ra'ayoyi da matakai daban-daban, wanda ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwar fasaha, haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci, haɗin gwiwar masana'antu, haɗin kai tsaye, da haɗin gwiwar cibiyar sadarwa.
Fasahar watsa labarai
Babban tsarin fasahar watsa labarai shine fasahar sadarwar fiber optic. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan haɗin yanar gizo shine don samar da haɗin kai ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa. Don samar da sabis ɗin haɗin kai, ya zama dole a sami dandamalin hanyar sadarwa wanda zai iya tallafawa watsa ayyuka daban-daban na multimedia (kafofin watsa labarai masu gudana) kamar sauti da bidiyo.
Halayen waɗannan kasuwancin babban buƙatun kasuwanci ne, babban adadin bayanai, da buƙatun ingancin sabis, don haka gabaɗaya suna buƙatar babban bandwidth yayin watsawa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ta fuskar tattalin arziki, bai kamata farashin ya yi yawa ba. Ta wannan hanyar, fasahar sadarwa mai ƙarfi da ɗorewa ta fiber optic ta zama mafi kyawun zaɓi don watsa labarai. Haɓaka fasahar watsa shirye-shirye, musamman fasahar sadarwa ta gani, tana ba da buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buƙatu, ingancin watsawa, da ƙarancin farashi don watsa bayanan kasuwanci daban-daban.
A matsayin fasaha na ginshiƙi a fagen sadarwa na zamani, fasahar sadarwa ta gani tana haɓaka cikin ƙimar girma sau 100 a kowace shekara 10. Watsawar fiber na gani tare da babban ƙarfin shine ingantaccen dandamalin watsawa don "cibiyoyin sadarwa guda uku" da kuma babban mai ɗaukar jiki na babbar hanyar bayanai ta gaba. An yi amfani da fasahar sadarwar fiber na gani mai girma a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa, hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta, da watsa shirye-shirye da gidajen talabijin.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-12-2024