EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network)
Cibiyar sadarwa ta gani ta Ethernet fasahar PON ce da ta dogara da Ethernet. Tana amfani da tsarin maki zuwa maki da yawa da kuma watsawar fiber optic, tana samar da ayyuka da yawa akan Ethernet. An daidaita fasahar EPON ta ƙungiyar aiki ta IEEE802.3 EFM. A watan Yunin 2004, ƙungiyar aiki ta IEEE802.3EFM ta fitar da ma'aunin EPON - IEEE802.3ah (an haɗa ta cikin ma'aunin IEEE802.3-2005 a shekarar 2005).
A cikin wannan ƙa'ida, an haɗa fasahar Ethernet da PON, tare da fasahar PON da ake amfani da ita a matakin zahiri da kuma yarjejeniyar Ethernet da ake amfani da ita a matakin haɗin bayanai, ta amfani da yanayin PON don cimma damar shiga Ethernet. Saboda haka, yana haɗa fa'idodin fasahar PON da fasahar Ethernet: ƙarancin farashi, babban bandwidth, ƙarfin haɓakawa, dacewa da Ethernet da ke akwai, gudanarwa mai dacewa, da sauransu.
GPON (PON mai ƙarfin Gigabit)
Fasaha ita ce sabuwar hanyar amfani da intanet mai amfani da fasahar zamani mai amfani da fasahar zamani bisa ga ka'idar ITU-TG.984. x, wadda ke da fa'idodi da yawa kamar babban bandwidth, ingantaccen aiki, babban yanki mai ɗaukar hoto, da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa masu amfani masu yawa. Yawancin masu aiki suna ɗaukarta a matsayin fasaha mafi kyau don cimma babban bandwidth da cikakken canji na ayyukan hanyar sadarwa. Ƙungiyar FSAN ce ta fara gabatar da GPON a watan Satumba na 2002. Dangane da wannan, ITU-T ta kammala haɓaka ITU-T G.984.1 da G.984.2 a watan Maris na 2003, kuma ta daidaita G.984.3 a watan Fabrairu da Yuni na 2004. Don haka, an ƙirƙiri daidaitaccen iyali na GPON a ƙarshe.
Fasahar GPON ta samo asali ne daga ma'aunin fasahar ATMON wanda aka kafa a hankali a shekarar 1995, kuma PON tana nufin "Passive Optical Network" a Turanci. Ƙungiyar FSAN ce ta fara gabatar da GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) a watan Satumba na 2002. Dangane da wannan, ITU-T ta kammala haɓaka ITU-T G.984.1 da G.984.2 a watan Maris na 2003, kuma ta daidaita G.984.3 a watan Fabrairu da Yuni na 2004. Don haka, an ƙirƙiri dangin GPON na yau da kullun. Tsarin asali na na'urori bisa fasahar GPON yayi kama da PON da ke akwai, wanda ya ƙunshi OLT (Optical Line Terminal) a ofishin tsakiya, ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal ko Optical Network Unit) a ƙarshen mai amfani, ODN (Optical Distribution Network) wanda ya ƙunshi fiber mai yanayi ɗaya (SM fiber) da passive splitter, da kuma tsarin gudanar da cibiyar sadarwa wanda ke haɗa na'urori biyu na farko.
Bambanci tsakanin EPON da GPON
GPON yana amfani da fasahar ninkawa da yawa (WDM) don ba da damar lodawa da saukewa a lokaci guda. Yawanci, ana amfani da na'urar ɗaukar hoto ta 1490nm don saukewa, yayin da ake zaɓar na'urar ɗaukar hoto ta 1310nm don lodawa. Idan ana buƙatar watsa siginar TV, za a yi amfani da na'urar ɗaukar hoto ta 1550nm. Duk da cewa kowace ONU za ta iya cimma saurin saukewa na 2.488 Gbits/s, GPON kuma yana amfani da Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) don ware takamaiman lokacin ga kowane mai amfani a cikin siginar lokaci-lokaci.
Matsakaicin saurin saukarwa na XGPON shine har zuwa 10Gbits/s, kuma saurin lodawa shine 2.5Gbit/s. Hakanan yana amfani da fasahar WDM, kuma tsawon raƙuman masu ɗaukar haske na sama da ƙasa sune 1270nm da 1577nm, bi da bi.
Saboda ƙaruwar saurin watsawa, ana iya raba ƙarin ONUs bisa ga tsarin bayanai iri ɗaya, tare da matsakaicin nisan ɗaukar hoto har zuwa kilomita 20. Duk da cewa ba a yi amfani da XGPON sosai ba tukuna, yana ba da kyakkyawar hanyar haɓakawa ga masu aiki da sadarwa ta gani.
EPON ya dace da sauran ƙa'idodin Ethernet gaba ɗaya, don haka babu buƙatar juyawa ko ɓoyewa lokacin da aka haɗa shi da hanyoyin sadarwa na tushen Ethernet, tare da matsakaicin nauyin byte 1518. EPON baya buƙatar hanyar shiga CSMA/CD a wasu nau'ikan Ethernet. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda watsa Ethernet shine babban hanyar watsa hanyar sadarwa ta yankin, babu buƙatar canza yarjejeniyar sadarwa yayin haɓakawa zuwa hanyar sadarwa ta yankin birni.
Akwai kuma sigar Ethernet ta 10 Gbit/s wacce aka sanya mata suna 802.3av. Saurin layin shine 10.3125 Gbit/s. Babban yanayin shine 10 Gbit/s na sama da kuma downlink, wasu kuma suna amfani da 10 Gbit/s na ƙasa da kuma 1 Gbit/s na sama.
Sigar Gbit/s tana amfani da nau'ikan raƙuman haske daban-daban a kan zare, tare da raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na ƙasa na 1575-1580nm da kuma raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na sama na 1260-1280nm. Saboda haka, tsarin 10 Gbit/s da tsarin 1Gbit/s na yau da kullun za a iya ninka raƙuman raƙuman ruwa a kan zare ɗaya.
Haɗin kai na wasa uku
Haɗuwar hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku yana nufin cewa a cikin tsarin juyin halitta daga hanyar sadarwa ta sadarwa, hanyar sadarwa ta rediyo da talabijin, da Intanet zuwa hanyar sadarwa ta intanet mai sauri, hanyar sadarwa ta talabijin ta dijital, da Intanet ta zamani, hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku, ta hanyar canjin fasaha, suna da ayyuka iri ɗaya na fasaha, iyakokin kasuwanci iri ɗaya, haɗin hanyar sadarwa, raba albarkatu, kuma suna iya samar wa masu amfani da murya, bayanai, rediyo da talabijin da sauran ayyuka. Haɗakar abubuwa uku ba yana nufin haɗakar abubuwa ta zahiri na manyan hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku ba, amma galibi yana nufin haɗakar aikace-aikacen kasuwanci masu girma.
Haɗin hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku ana amfani da su sosai a fannoni daban-daban kamar sufuri mai wayo, kariyar muhalli, aikin gwamnati, tsaron jama'a, da gidaje masu aminci. A nan gaba, wayoyin hannu za su iya kallon talabijin da lilo a intanet, talabijin za su iya yin kiran waya da lilo a intanet, haka kuma kwamfutoci za su iya yin kiran waya da kallon talabijin.
Za a iya yin nazarin haɗakar hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku ta hanyar fahimta daga mahangar da matakai daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da haɗakar fasaha, haɗakar kasuwanci, haɗakar masana'antu, haɗakar tashoshi, da haɗakar hanyoyin sadarwa.
Fasahar sadarwa ta intanet (broadband)
Babban ɓangaren fasahar sadarwa ta intanet shine fasahar sadarwa ta fiber optic. Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin haɗuwar hanyoyin sadarwa shine samar da ayyuka iri ɗaya ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa. Domin samar da ayyuka iri ɗaya, yana da mahimmanci a sami dandamalin hanyar sadarwa wanda zai iya tallafawa watsa ayyuka daban-daban na multimedia (kafofin watsa labarai masu yawo) kamar sauti da bidiyo.
Halayen waɗannan kasuwancin sune buƙatar kasuwanci mai yawa, yawan bayanai mai yawa, da kuma buƙatun ingancin sabis mai yawa, don haka gabaɗaya suna buƙatar babban bandwidth yayin watsawa. Bugu da ƙari, daga mahangar tattalin arziki, bai kamata farashin ya yi yawa ba. Ta wannan hanyar, fasahar sadarwa mai ƙarfi da dorewa ta fiber optic ta zama mafi kyawun zaɓi ga kafofin watsa labarai. Ci gaban fasahar sadarwa mai saurin sauri, musamman fasahar sadarwa ta gani, yana ba da bandwidth da ake buƙata, ingancin watsawa, da ƙarancin farashi don watsa bayanai daban-daban na kasuwanci.
A matsayinta na babbar fasahar sadarwa a fannin sadarwa na zamani, fasahar sadarwa ta gani tana bunkasa a saurin girma sau 100 a kowace shekara 10. Watsawar fiber optic mai girman girma ita ce dandamalin watsawa mafi kyau ga "hanyoyin sadarwa uku" kuma babban mai jigilar bayanai na gaba. An yi amfani da fasahar sadarwa ta fiber optic mai girman girma sosai a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na sadarwa, hanyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta, da hanyoyin sadarwa na watsa labarai da talabijin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-12-2024