A cikin ginin hanyar sadarwa ta fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), masu raba haske, a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na gani marasa aiki (PONs), suna ba da damar raba fiber ɗaya mai amfani da yawa ta hanyar rarraba wutar lantarki ta gani, wanda ke shafar aikin hanyar sadarwa da ƙwarewar mai amfani kai tsaye. Wannan labarin yana nazarin manyan fasahohin da ke cikin tsarin FTTH daga fannoni huɗu: zaɓin fasahar raba haske, ƙirar tsarin hanyar sadarwa, inganta rabon raba haske, da kuma yanayin da ake ciki a nan gaba.
Zaɓin Rarraba Na'urar gani: Kwatanta Fasaha ta PLC da FBT
1. Mai Rarraba Hasken Raƙuman Sama (PLC):
• Tallafin cikakken band (1260–1650 nm), wanda ya dace da tsarin tsayin daka da yawa;
• Yana goyan bayan babban tsari na rabawa (misali, 1×64), asarar sakawa ≤17 dB;
•Tsawon zafin jiki mai yawa (-40°C zuwa 85°C canjin <0.5 dB);
•Ƙaramin marufi, kodayake farashin farko yana da yawa.
2. Mai Rarraba Biconical Taper (FBT) Mai Haɗawa:
• Yana goyon bayan takamaiman tsawon tsayi (misali, 1310/1490 nm);
•An iyakance ga rabawa mai sauƙi (ƙasa da 1×8);
• Babban sauyi a asara a yanayin zafi mai yawa;
•Rashin tsada, ya dace da yanayi mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi.
Dabarun Zaɓe:
A yankunan birane masu yawan jama'a (ginin gidaje masu hawa-hawa, gundumomin kasuwanci), ya kamata a ba wa masu raba PLC fifiko don biyan buƙatun raba manyan kayayyaki yayin da ake ci gaba da daidaita su da haɓaka PON na XGS-PON/50G.
Ga yanayin karkara ko ƙarancin yawan jama'a, ana iya zaɓar masu raba FBT don rage farashin fara amfani da su. Hasashen kasuwa yana nuna cewa rabon kasuwar PLC zai wuce kashi 80% (LightCounting 2024), galibi saboda fa'idodin haɓaka fasaha.
Tsarin Tsarin Cibiyar Sadarwa: Rarrabawa Tsakanin ...
1. Mai Rarraba Mataki na 1 Mai Tsaka-tsaki
•Tsarin Halitta: OLT → 1×32/1×64 mai rabawa (an tura shi cikin ɗakin kayan aiki/FDH) → ONT.
•Yanayin da ya dace: Gidajen CBD na birane, wuraren zama masu yawan jama'a.
•Fa'idodi:
- Inganta kashi 30% a cikin ingancin wurin da aka samu matsala;
- Asarar mataki ɗaya ta 17–21 dB, tana tallafawa watsawa kilomita 20;
- Faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki cikin sauri ta hanyar maye gurbin mai rabawa (misali, 1×32 → 1×64).
2. Rarraba Mai Rarraba Mataki-Mataki Da Yawa
•Tsarin Halitta: OLT → 1×4 (Mataki na 1) → 1×8 (Mataki na 2) → ONT, yana hidimar gidaje 32.
•Yanayin da ya dace: yankunan karkara, yankunan tsaunuka, gidaje na villa.
•Fa'idodi:
- Yana rage farashin zare na baya da kashi 40%;
- Yana goyan bayan sake kunna hanyar sadarwa ta zobe (canzawa ta atomatik na laifuffukan reshe);
- Mai dacewa da yanayin ƙasa mai rikitarwa.
Inganta Rabon Rabawa: Daidaita Nisa da Bukatun Watsawa
1. Tabbatar da daidaiton mai amfani da kuma girman bandwidth
A ƙarƙashin XGS-PON (10G ƙasa) tare da tsarin raba 1×64, matsakaicin bandwidth ga kowane mai amfani shine kimanin 156Mbps (ƙimar daidaito 50%);
Yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a suna buƙatar Rarraba Bandwidth Dynamic (DBA) ko kuma faɗaɗa C++ band don haɓaka ƙarfin aiki.
2. Samar da Ingantawa a Nan Gaba
Ajiye ≥3dB gefen wutar lantarki don dacewa da tsufan zare;
Zaɓi masu raba PLC tare da rabon rabawa mai daidaitawa (misali, 1×32 ↔ 1×64 da za a iya daidaita shi) don guje wa sake ginawa.
Abubuwan da ke Faruwa a Nan Gaba da Sabbin Dabaru na Fasaha
Fasahar PLC tana ba da damar rarrabawa mai inganci:Yaɗuwar PON mai ƙarfin 10G ya haifar da masu raba PLC zuwa ga tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi, wanda ke tallafawa haɓakawa zuwa PON mai ƙarfin 50G ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Ɗauki tsarin gine-gine masu haɗaka:Haɗa rarrabuwar matakai ɗaya a birane tare da rarrabuwar matakai da yawa a yankunan birni yana daidaita ingancin ɗaukar hoto da farashi.
Fasaha ta ODN mai hankali:eODN yana ba da damar sake saita rabon rabuwa da hasashen kurakurai daga nesa, yana haɓaka basirar aiki.
Nasarar haɗin silicon photonics:Kwamfutocin PLC masu tashoshi 32 na Monolithic suna rage farashi da kashi 50%, wanda hakan ke ba da damar raba rabo mai girman 1×128 don ci gaba da haɓaka birni mai wayo.
Ta hanyar zaɓin fasaha da aka tsara, jigilar gine-gine masu sassauƙa, da haɓaka rabon rabawa mai ƙarfi, hanyoyin sadarwa na FTTH na iya tallafawa ƙaddamar da babban hanyar sadarwa ta gigabit da buƙatun juyin halittar fasaha na gaba na shekaru goma.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-04-2025